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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/git-branch.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-branch.txt | 175 |
1 files changed, 123 insertions, 52 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index 02eccbb931..d382ac69f7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -8,13 +8,16 @@ git-branch - List, create, or delete branches SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a] - [--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]] +'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current] + [-v [--abbrev=<n> | --no-abbrev]] [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>] - [(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]] - [--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]] - [--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...] -'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] + [--merged [<commit>]] [--no-merged [<commit>]] + [--contains [<commit>]] [--no-contains [<commit>]] + [--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] + [(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)] + [--list] [<pattern>...] +'git branch' [--track[=(direct|inherit)] | --no-track] [-f] + [--recurse-submodules] <branchname> [<start-point>] 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>] 'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>] 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch> @@ -26,13 +29,19 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing -branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an -asterisk. Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed, -and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>` +branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted in green and +marked with an asterisk. Any branches checked out in linked worktrees will +be highlighted in cyan and marked with a plus sign. Option `-r` causes the +remote-tracking branches to be listed, +and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. + +If a `<pattern>` is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if -it matches any of the patterns. Note that when providing a -`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted +it matches any of the patterns. + +Note that when providing a +`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command may be interpreted as branch creation. With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit @@ -45,10 +54,14 @@ argument is missing it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the tip of the current branch). The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname> -which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given. +which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given. As a +special case, for <start-point>, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for +the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You +can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to +`HEAD`. Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the -working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the +working tree to it; use "git switch <newbranch>" to switch to the new branch. When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the @@ -66,8 +79,8 @@ renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename to happen. The `-c` and `-C` options have the exact same semantics as `-m` and -`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed it along with its -config and reflog will be copied to a new name. +`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed, it will be copied to a +new name, along with its config and reflog. With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently @@ -91,7 +104,6 @@ OPTIONS -D:: Shortcut for `--delete --force`. --l:: --create-reflog:: Create the branch's reflog. This activates recording of all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date @@ -104,23 +116,28 @@ OPTIONS -f:: --force:: - Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists + Reset <branchname> to <start-point>, even if <branchname> exists already. Without `-f`, 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch. In combination with `-d` (or `--delete`), allow deleting the - branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with + branch irrespective of its merged status, or whether it even + points to a valid commit. In combination with `-m` (or `--move`), allow renaming the branch even if the new branch name already exists, the same applies for `-c` (or `--copy`). ++ +Note that 'git branch -f <branchname> [<start-point>]', even with '-f', +refuses to change an existing branch `<branchname>` that is checked out +in another worktree linked to the same repository. -m:: --move:: - Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog. + Move/rename a branch, together with its config and reflog. -M:: Shortcut for `--move --force`. -c:: --copy:: - Copy a branch and the corresponding reflog. + Copy a branch, together with its config and reflog. -C:: Shortcut for `--copy --force`. @@ -142,7 +159,7 @@ OPTIONS --column[=<options>]:: --no-column:: Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable - column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column` + `column.branch` for option syntax. `--column` and `--no-column` without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively. + This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode. @@ -150,19 +167,22 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode. -r:: --remotes:: List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches. + Combine with `--list` to match the optional pattern(s). -a:: --all:: List both remote-tracking branches and local branches. + Combine with `--list` to match optional pattern(s). +-l:: --list:: List branches. With optional `<pattern>...`, e.g. `git branch --list 'maint-*'`, list only the branches that match the pattern(s). -+ -This should not be confused with `git branch -l <branchname>`, -which creates a branch named `<branchname>` with a reflog. -See `--create-reflog` above for details. + +--show-current:: + Print the name of the current branch. In detached HEAD state, + nothing is printed. -v:: -vv:: @@ -170,16 +190,20 @@ See `--create-reflog` above for details. When in list mode, show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print - the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote - show <remote>`). + the path of the linked worktree (if any) and the name of the upstream + branch, as well (see also `git remote show <remote>`). Note that the + current worktree's HEAD will not have its path printed (it will always + be your current directory). -q:: --quiet:: Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing non-error messages. ---abbrev=<length>:: - Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing. +--abbrev=<n>:: + In the verbose listing that show the commit object name, + show the shortest prefix that is at least '<n>' hexdigits + long that uniquely refers the object. The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev` config option. @@ -187,24 +211,54 @@ See `--create-reflog` above for details. Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them. -t:: ---track:: +--track[=(direct|inherit)]:: When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and - `branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the - start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This + `branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to set "upstream" tracking + configuration for the new branch. This configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore, it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the upstream when the new branch is checked out. + -This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch. -Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you -want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track` -were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the -start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. +The exact upstream branch is chosen depending on the optional argument: +`-t`, `--track`, or `--track=direct` means to use the start-point branch +itself as the upstream; `--track=inherit` means to copy the upstream +configuration of the start-point branch. ++ +The branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable specifies how `git switch`, +`git checkout` and `git branch` should behave when neither `--track` nor +`--no-track` are specified: ++ +The default option, `true`, behaves as though `--track=direct` +were given whenever the start-point is a remote-tracking branch. +`false` behaves as if `--no-track` were given. `always` behaves as though +`--track=direct` were given. `inherit` behaves as though `--track=inherit` +were given. `simple` behaves as though `--track=direct` were given only when +the start-point is a remote-tracking branch and the new branch has the same +name as the remote branch. ++ +See linkgit:git-pull[1] and linkgit:git-config[1] for additional discussion on +how the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options are used. --no-track:: Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the - branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true. + branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is set. + +--recurse-submodules:: + THIS OPTION IS EXPERIMENTAL! Causes the current command to + recurse into submodules if `submodule.propagateBranches` is + enabled. See `submodule.propagateBranches` in + linkgit:git-config[1]. Currently, only branch creation is + supported. ++ +When used in branch creation, a new branch <branchname> will be created +in the superproject and all of the submodules in the superproject's +<start-point>. In submodules, the branch will point to the submodule +commit in the superproject's <start-point> but the branch's tracking +information will be set up based on the submodule's branches and remotes +e.g. `git branch --recurse-submodules topic origin/main` will create the +submodule branch "topic" that points to the submodule commit in the +superproject's "origin/main", but tracks the submodule's "origin/main". --set-upstream:: As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported. @@ -236,13 +290,11 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. --merged [<commit>]:: Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the - specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`, - incompatible with `--no-merged`. + specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`. --no-merged [<commit>]:: Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the - specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`, - incompatible with `--merged`. + specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`. <branchname>:: The name of the branch to create or delete. @@ -267,10 +319,11 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary key. The keys supported are the same as those in `git - for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to sorting based on the + for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to the value configured for the + `branch.sort` variable if exists, or to sorting based on the full refname (including `refs/...` prefix). This lists detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and - finally remote-tracking branches. + finally remote-tracking branches. See linkgit:git-config[1]. --points-at <object>:: @@ -287,6 +340,10 @@ CONFIGURATION `--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager. See linkgit:git-config[1]. +include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.txt[] + +include::config/branch.txt[] + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -296,11 +353,11 @@ Start development from a known tag:: $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6 $ cd my2.6 $ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1> -$ git checkout my2.6.14 +$ git switch my2.6.14 ------------ + <1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with -"checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14". + "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14". Delete an unneeded branch:: + @@ -312,18 +369,30 @@ $ git branch -D test <2> ------------ + <1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next -'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to. -See linkgit:git-fetch[1]. + 'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to. + See linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch -is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch. + is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch. +Listing branches from a specific remote:: ++ +------------ +$ git branch -r -l '<remote>/<pattern>' <1> +$ git for-each-ref 'refs/remotes/<remote>/<pattern>' <2> +------------ ++ +<1> Using `-a` would conflate <remote> with any local branches you happen to + have been prefixed with the same <remote> pattern. +<2> `for-each-ref` can take a wide range of options. See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1] + +Patterns will normally need quoting. NOTES ----- -If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is -easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create -a branch and check it out with a single command. +If you are creating a branch that you want to switch to immediately, +it is easier to use the "git switch" command with its `-c` option to +do the same thing with a single command. The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve four related but different purposes: @@ -341,6 +410,8 @@ serve four related but different purposes: - `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD. +include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[] + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1], |